Timolol Maleate: Uses, Dosage, Side Effects & Brands | MedexInfo

Timolol Maleate

Rx

Generic NameTimolol Maleate

Therapeutic ClassNon-selective Beta-Adrenergic Blocker

Common DoseOphthalmic: 0.25–0.5% 1 drop twice daily; Oral: 10–30 mg daily in divided doses

PregnancyUse only if clearly needed

Indications ▼

Open-angle glaucoma

Ocular hypertension

Prevention of migraine (oral formulation)

Adjunct therapy to reduce intraocular pressure

Mechanism & Pharmacokinetics ▼

Mechanism: Non-selective beta-blocker that decreases aqueous humor production in the eye, lowering intraocular pressure. Orally, it reduces cardiac output and inhibits sympathetic stimulation.

Pharmacokinetics: Ophthalmic: minimal systemic absorption; Oral: absorbed from GI tract, hepatic metabolism via CYP2D6, excreted renally. Half-life ~4–5 hours.

Dosage & Administration ▼

Indication	Form	Dose	Frequency
Glaucoma / Ocular hypertension	Eye drops 0.25–0.5%	1 drop	Twice daily
Migraine prophylaxis	Oral tablet	10–30 mg	Once or twice daily

Note: Ensure proper ophthalmic technique; avoid systemic absorption if possible. Adjust oral dose in renal or hepatic impairment.

Side Effects ▼

Eye irritation, burning, stinging (ophthalmic)

Bradycardia, hypotension

Fatigue, dizziness

Bronchospasm (caution in asthma/COPD)

Rare: heart block, worsening heart failure

Contraindications ▼

Asthma or severe COPD

Sinus bradycardia, AV block >1st degree

Cardiogenic shock

Hypersensitivity to timolol

Drug Interaction ▼

Other beta-blockers or calcium channel blockers: additive bradycardia/hypotension

Insulin or oral antidiabetics: may mask hypoglycemia symptoms

Antiarrhythmics (class I or III): increased risk of AV block

Pregnancy & Lactation ▼

Use only if clearly needed; may cause fetal bradycardia or hypoglycemia

Breastfeeding not recommended; may be excreted in milk

Clinical / Research Summary ▼

Clinical Role: First-line non-selective beta-blocker for lowering intraocular pressure in glaucoma.

Advantage: Effective for ocular pressure reduction with minimal systemic effects at ophthalmic doses.

Monitoring: Eye exams, heart rate, blood pressure; watch for bronchospasm in susceptible patients.

Patient Counseling Points ▼

Instill eye drops properly; avoid touching dropper to eye

Report dizziness, shortness of breath, or slow heart rate

Do not discontinue oral beta-blockers abruptly

Regular follow-up with ophthalmologist or physician

Storage & Handling ▼

Store below 25°C, protect from light

Keep container tightly closed

Keep out of reach of children

Brand Names (Bangladesh & Global) ▼

Bangladesh:

Timopress® 0.5% Intramol® 0.5% Gemolol® 0.5% Glumol® 0.5% Ocupres® 0.5% Ticoma DS® 0.5% Timocare® 0.5% Timodrop® 0.5% Timofix® 0.5% Timolol® 0.5% Timolat® 0.5% Timolet® 0.5% Timomin® 0.5% Timol® 0.5% Timosol® 0.5%

Global:

Timoptic Blocadren (oral)

Medical Disclaimer: For educational purposes only. Not a substitute for professional medical advice.

Reference Hubs:

• Drug Class: Beta-Adrenergic Blockers • Condition: Glaucoma • Condition: Ocular Hypertension